Succeeding the previous portfolio, this second semester builds upon all that I have learned and more; not only through Language Arts, but also through the entirety of MeneMAC. This porfolio intends to visualize my progress throughout this program. Creating films and PSA's, designing graphics, writing essays, they have all taught me the values in which the general learner outcomes (GLOs) have set in school. These assignments are the exemplary of my freshman year in this program. They are the natural selection in life; as it is always looking to improve itself in every way possible through the most effective methods. Please enjoy going through my second semester freshman year portfolio.

Portfolio

10 Ultimate Laws

• Income is taxed monthly and cannot be avoided. 
• The minimum wage is determined by the nation’s overall revenue.
• People may choose to live in any region in which they choose called provinces. Each province is under the federal power, but are allowed to create their own laws.
• Taxes are directly based on an individual’s salary. 
• Each province cannot deny an individual their right to vote for their provinces representative.
• College, universities, and school tuition are all free. 
• Every single purchase is to be recorded and submitted to the government. One’s credit score is based on these purchases.
• Credit scores allow one to, for example, purchase a house. A lower range reduces one’s chance of acquiring said house. The same applies with all large purchases.
• Upon reaching the age of 5, individuals must register to get a barcode branded onto their wrist.
• Individuals can only work at the age of 16 and above.
• All income is to be transferred into the same database that records their barcode. Here, income, purchases, etc. are recorded and backed up every hour. No physical currency exists.

    Promises are made constantly throughout one's life. This concept is often not realized, because it goes by a different name; trust. It means having certainty and confidence; reliable of the truthfulness of an individual. However, trust is almost never in a perpetual state; it fluctuates. It changes constantly. Though, the basis on which it changes is something in which people make everyday; decisions. Some of which, have bigger impacts than others, as some can show one’s true measure of reliability and trust. In the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, this very concept plays a considerable role throughout the play. It follows a Christian merchant in the 1600s named Antonio who has made a deal with moneylender and Jewish man Shylock. Despite their (religious) hatred for each other, they make a deal. A personal deal in which Antonio is held to if not fulfilled. As the play progresses, various characters are introduced throughout the play; their interactions plentiful. Such interactions would either strengthen trust or weaken it between the individuals involved all due a single factor. The play “Merchant of Venice” by William Shakespeare has shown that trust can only be based on the decisions that they make.

    Promises are made constantly throughout one's life. This concept is often not realized, because it goes by a different name; trust. It means having certainty and confidence; reliable of the truthfulness of an individual. However, trust is almost never in a perpetual state; it fluctuates. As such, it begs the question; why must it fluctuate, and how does one trust another individual? In the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, this very concept plays a considerable role throughout the play. It follows a Christian merchant in the 1600s named Antonio who has made a deal with moneylender and Jewish man Shylock. Despite their (religious) hatred for each other, they make a deal. A personal deal in which Antonio is held to if not fulfilled. However, as the play progresses, various characters are introduced throughout the play; their interactions plentiful as their confidence in one another changes either for the better or for worse. The play “Merchant of Venice” by William Shakespeare has shown that trust can only be based on the decisions that they make.
    In order to even begin trusting an individual, one can only observe from their current decisions that play a role or relate to oneself. The play opens with a friend of Antonio--Bassanio--requesting a sum of money to appear to wealthy; to impress a wealthy woman she is attracted to who goes by the name of Portia. Bassanio says “Her fair hair is the Golden Fleece that attracts many Jasons to the Belmont shore. Oh, Antonio - I feel convinced I’d be successful if only I had the money to make myself a rival!” (1.1.170-176) Antonio, being the generous and trusting friend that he is to Bassanio, goes to a Jewish moneylender Shylock for a loan. However, as previously explained, the two despise each other. But Shylock sees something that he can get out of it. Out of all the mockery Antonio has for Shylock, he can bind him to the money that Antonio is asking Shylock for. Shylock knows of the fact that his money could potentially go down as his wealth is with merchant ships at sea (a potential risk). Thus, Shylock agrees to loan him money with the consequence of suffering immense physical pain if his money is not returned. And yet, with the situation at hand, Antonio still agrees to the bond. Bassanio and Antonio discuss; “You mustn’t sign such a bond for me. I’d rather manage without. / Oh don’t worry, man! I won’t forfeit it. Within two months - that’s a month before this bond expires - I’m expecting the return of nine times what the bond is worth.” (1.3.149-152) This very motion of generosity exhibits the amount of trust that Antonio and Bassanio share; the types of decisions in which Bassanio have presumably made in the past as well as the great friendship and loyalty they have for each other. Antonio’s reassurance proves this.
    Though, as trust builds, the level/degree of tasks that are inadvertently required to further prove it grow larger. As the play progresses, Bassanio is able to be with and impress his love Portia, even though it may seem like a very short amount of time has passed for them to simply just be engaged right off the spot. No trust has really been tested quite yet. This, though will very soon change, as Antonio sends a message to Bassanio that all of his ships did not survive and will be facing in court against Shylock. Portia sees an opening as Portia and Bassanio discuss; “How much does he owe the Jew? / On my behalf, three thousand ducats. / No more? Pay him six thousand, and reclaim the bond. Twice six thousand. Three times that. No friend of that description shall lose a hair of his head through the fault of Bassanio.” Both loyalty and trust is definitely something that is shown here. Portia is already using this opportunity to be of great assistance to Bassanio, who is essentially giving back to the friend who gave him so much. Even though Antonio is “accepting” of his fate against Shylock, Bassanio knows how indebted he is to his friend. Things all follow for the better, though; Bassanio is able to defend his beloved friend in court alongside a lawyer. However, what he doesn’t know is Portia’s involvement. She disguises as a lawyer in this court and ensures that Antonio doesn’t suffer anything Shylock has planned. As a way to test Bassanio’s loyalty to her and how trusting she should be of him, she requests his marriage ring as a “fee” in a way. Things are being put to the test. His answer to the test was a mixed one; “This ring has more importance than its value. I’ll give you the most expensive ring in Venice and advertise for it. With respect, you must pardon me on this one.” (4.1.430-433) The audience can see a lot of hesitance coming out from Bassanio here. He risks a lot of his credibility through giving up this ring. The thing is, though; he does. The result of this exchange when Bassanio returns to Portia alongside his friends, though, is a bit more on the comical side. It appears as if Portia is briefly angry at Bassanio, but soon forgives him; like a “second chance” in some aspects. However, this decision of Bassanio and his poor choice to discredit his loyalty could have easily swayed in a different direction.
    So, trust is not one that can so easily be earned at times. Whether it’d be between Portia and Bassanio’s young relationship or Antonio and Bassanio’s long-time friendship, the trust in them were born out of one thing that they both make and what Shakespeare repeats throughout the story. The fact that trust is based solely on decisions that the individuals make. Making negatively impacting choices will obviously damage choices sometimes to a greater extent than Bassanio and Portia, or yield positive and greater trust and dedication similar to Bassanio and Antonio.

1. What is the setting of the story? What are people like, the culture, etc.?
1. The setting of the story is in Venice (obviously), but the first two scenes take place in a more noble/rich area of Venice as the characters that are first introduced appear to be rich.
2. We meet Antonio in the first scene, who exactly is he and what is his worries that he faces early on?
1. Antonio is a sad man whose sadness is owed to an unknown thing. Technically, he is someone who has money and has loaned them to certain people such as Bassanio. From a technical point of view, Antonio worries about the money that he invested as a merchant. If that money is not returned, he will lose a lot of money. From a figurative perspective, he worries about what is making him feel sad.
3. We also meet Bassanio a friend of Antonio, what does he ask of Antonio? Explain.
1. Bassanio asks of Antonio for a loan; money. Bassanio wants to appear rich for Portia.
4. Portia worries about finding a husband, so what does she decide to do that she thinks will be best solution to her problem? Explain.
1. Portia thinks that Bassanio is the best solution to solving the problem of finding a husband because he is the man that she desires and vice-versa. They both like the attributes each other possess.

1. Revisiting the Portia situation, why is the choosing of a man suitable for her out of her hands?
1. His father’s dead will was for Portia to choose a man suitable for her but only from a select group of candidates. Bassanio, the man she desires, is not within this pool.
2. Who is Shylock? What is his importance in the story thus far?
1. Shylock appears to be a wealthy businessman who lends money and profits from loaning said money through interest. It’s quite important so far in the story to Bassanio in particular because of the fact that he is in need of three thousand gold coins over the course of three months. It gets Antonio involved too, because he is essentially the “insurance” to Bassanio’s lavish request.
3. What is the agreement Shylock and Antonio come to terms with?
1. Shylock and Antonio came to agree upon Shylock lending Antonio three thousand gold coins whose amount will be paid back within three months time.
4. Why is Shylock so hesitant of this agreement with Antonio?
1. Shylock is hesitant to agree with Antonio because of Antonio’s current state. Being a merchant, he has various ships at sea and as such, they all can be subjected to the dangers of the world; pirates looting their ship, nature’s tyranny through storms, etc. But what also appears to be a very major divide between the two is religion. Antonio is Christian, while Shylock is Hebrew/Jewish.
5. Would you trust Antonio? Why or why not.
1. Despite Antonio’s best intentions, I do not like the risk in which he is taking. If this wealth is at risk or being lost, that’s just bad decision-making; putting all eggs into one basket. Sure, it can bring back a substantial amount of wealth back, but I feel the risk is too great. In addition to this, Antonio despises Jews such as Shylock through mockery and disrespect, and although it doesn’t relate to trust very much, I wouldn’t prefer to be affiliated with individuals that condone such hatred.

Don’t rely on outward appearances when making judgments.
AGREE: This statement is very similar to concept of not judging on the outside and instead on the inside. Personally, I have met various people in my life that, upon first visual glance, one can easily make certain negative assumptions. However, those various people of course don’t reflect those negative assumptions once I learned about who they are, their morals, etc.

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Justice is always blind.
DISAGREE: It’s difficult to find total justice in everything that there is. But I don’t believe it is blind; the true form of justice is to satisfy all parties involved in a fair way. Personally, I’ve had many arguments with my brother, though my parents understand that justice is not to side with me every time, but rather to find a solution that will equally satisfy all parties. It isn’t justice that can sometimes be blind; it is the skewed image that an individual may have of what justice is.

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A brotherly love between two friends can be just as strong as an intimate love between a man and a woman.
AGREE: Brotherly love and love between a man and a woman are two different things, but it is love nonetheless. I like to think of this as a comparison/metaphor to how someone makes a movie. Actors play their roles, cinematographers make sure the picture is of quality, and directors direct. They all serve different purposes but are working towards making a movie. See; love between a man and a woman and love between brothers can be same in terms of strength; it is just that they take different forms. Personally, I have a step-brother who I love very much and am happy to be an older sibling of. However, love for a woman is still the same level as what I’d have for the various individuals in my family.

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You can break a promise as long as you have a good excuse
AGREE: I prefer to live on reason. Any promise can be broken with a good excuse, but it is supposed to be a very good excuse that is proportionate to the promise broken. I wouldn’t claim that I was unable to come to dinner by using an excuse like “I feel tired, sorry”. A legitimate excuse would be something such as “A family member is in the hospital” or “I’ve suffered an injury”. I’m not saying that promises should always be broken, but should they need to, they can be if a legitimate excuse is given. Personally, I make very few promises, but I have seen certain family members break a few. For example, my grandmother has a lot of sisters and brothers. When one of her sisters (name is Patti) passed, they would of course leave money for their children to inherit. It was divided quite equally, though, greed had sometimes overcome that. At least, that’s what I thought at first. My grandmother was the only person to take care of the costs of the entire funeral, so her excuse to take extra in order to cover those charges is justified; it is a good excuse.

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Love is blind.
AGREE: Some of the things that people do out of love for another individual can often be extravagant in most cases. People would spend thousands upon thousands of dollars for weddings or diamond rings. In other cases it could be violent. People would sometimes kill in the name of their significant other. Love is a powerful thing, as it blurs everything that happens in the background and puts a single individual in focus. Personally, I have blindly followed love in the slightest sense; buying certain things for the other individual for their birthday, spending time to write a card on Valentine’s day; very small things, yet it is still money and time spent just because of love.

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Stereotypes are often right.
AGREE: The reason why stereotypes put in place and adapted by so many in the first place is because that is the image that a group of people or individual shows. Again, they are often right; which means that there can be times wherein the stereotype is not inherent of a group. To say that white people can’t dance, or asians are good at math, or only blacks can dance is stereotyping, yes, but is it incorrect? In some cases, yes. Some stereotypes are exhausted. Outdated. Yet when they aren’t exhausted and aren’t outdated, they are temporarily true; that’s why stereotypes are born in the first place. A predictive factor. A widely generalized image of a certain group. So I do agree that they are often right, though I don’t believe for a large majority of them to be right forever. As a personal experience, throughout life I generalized that Asians always have strict parents. A lot of the time with every Asian-American family I’ve met, the parents are strict on things ranging from minimum grade in school to the expectations they have for their future child’s future careers. See; people stereotype groups of people to be a certain thing or have a certain attribute based on groups similar to them. It’s certainly not a good thing to do, but a lot of the time they are right. Stereotypes are “empirical generalizations”.

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An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is a good motto to live by.
DISAGREE: An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is an extremely barbaric and skewed vision of justice. It is not an appropriate motto to live by because it is also dangerous. It can cause people to spiral down an endless path, if both parties keep exchanging an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. This motto knows no concept of forgiveness. During my elementary school days, grudges are what I feel was a constraint to certain friendships, if my friends were to do something to me in which I did not like. It would just be a constant build up of “well you took this so I get to take that” exchanges.

    Slim as a character in John Steinbeck's’ “Of Mice and Men” is one whose words are the law, for he is a man of assertiveness in the story, yet still retaining a collective and rational mentality with the individuals he works with. His rationalism is shown upon the introduction of him to the readers, as Steinbeck writes; “His ear heard more than was said to him, and his slow speech had overtones not of thought, but of understanding beyond thought.” He is open to George and Lennie’s story about traveling and how George confessed to having messed around with Lennie’s mental retardation, but also “real”; he speaks his thoughts in respectful manner. Yet, he still retains assertiveness through characters like the aggressive Curley; ensuring that readers know he seems to base his interactions with others off of “treat unto others the way one seeks to be treated”. This is very much exemplified when Slim tells Curley “I’m gettin’ God damn sick of it. If you can’t look after your own God damn wife, what you expect me to do about it? You lay offa me.” (note that this is when Curley confronts Slim regarding the whereabouts of his wife and prior to when Curley starts attacking Lennie). Though he maintains a calm demeanor in his regular state, he is more than willing to make sure that one should not be “fooled” by it; certainly something he made clear in that near-hostile interaction. He is consistent in being a reasonable individual in the book.
    Such reasonability is further shown during Slim’s interaction with Lennie and George’s story prior to them coming to the ranch. Proceeding George’s explanation as to why they left Weed and arrived near the Soledad River, Slim says “He ain't mean, I can tell a mean guy a mile off.” He understands that Lennie’s mental state has somewhat affected him. Paired with his strength, he can see how Lennie is not the kind of individual that would deliberately do such actions. Slim also states “He’s a nice fella, guy don’t need no sense to be a nice fella.” His sincerity is clear and genuine towards George as they discussed Lennie. Slim’s character; it’s a type that many people in the ranch admire, and, in Curley’s case, may become jealous of.

    In “Of Mice & Men” by John Steinbeck, the time in which the story takes place and various other things affect a lot of the way how the characters in the story think and act. For example, the price of purchasing a ranch. In the story, for characters George and Lennie, they need just around $600 in order to purchase the ranch of their dreams. Such a ranch they dream on purchasing would likely cost so much more than what is stated in the book. It just goes to show how cheap everything became during the Great Depression. It also relates to the characters themselves. George and Lennie are constantly working from job to job, being, in a way, homeless; similar to the people that they’ve met on the ranch that they work at in the middle of the story. The depression is a wall that all characters are experiencing and are attempting to climb.

The Great Depression

  The amount of resources needed for the U.S. in World War I contributed to being the first domino  of the U.S. economy's depletion in the 1920s. According to HyperHistory which provides a timeline of the Great Depression, the U.S. federal government had to "...spend three times larger than tax collections." during the war. Following it's end, the U.S. had to deal with the cutting back of their budget in order to compensate for what they spent during the war. This attempt, though, was unsuccessful in saving the economy. In addition to this, the amount of labor that was available are as follows: "The United Mine Workers Union will see its membership fall from 500,000 in 1920 to 75,000 in 1928. The American Federation of Labor would fall from 5.1 million in 1920 to 3.4 million in 1929." This decimated the various companies that needed those workers. Thus, causing millions of workers to go jobless; resulting to the inability of purchase from the middle-classes.

Page 93
"He rubbed his smooth wrist on his white stubble whiskers."

Definition: Unshaved hairs on the face of a man.

Sentence: After living without a shaver, Josephs’ stubble grew out of control.

Page 38
"Through the open door came the thuds and occasional clangs of a horseshoe game, and now and then the sound of voices in approval or derision."

Definition: The scoffing or insulting of something/someone.

Sentence: The room was filled with derision following Josephs’ tone-deaf singing.

Photo by Coby Shimabukuro

    Perspective is what most distinguishes one person’s interpretation of a good life from another. As such, it’s difficult to bind its definition since some individuals do not see things in the same light as others. What is certain though, is that a good life is possible. Some may complain that there’s too many things to worry about, and that it stops them from enjoying what should be enjoyed to the fullest. In the poem “A Coney Island Life” by James L. Weil, this very concept is portrayed. It describes the worry that many have about what they haven’t yet accomplished, their regrets; the things in which they’ve spent too much time doing. Within the poem, Weil details how one person reminisces on these things in a metaphorical comparison to the place Coney Island. However, the fact that this individual is reminiscing makes it very established that this person's life is coming to an end. It provokes readers to stop worrying about all of these problems previously referred to--regrets, the unaccomplished, problems--and to instead to truly live in the “now” as time is not of unlimited supply.
    Within the life of the individual within this poem (as it is written in their perspective), Weil writes “Having lived a Coney Island life on rollercoaster ups and downs…” within the first two lines. What Weil establishes is the metaphor that compares life to an amusement park; it’s games, the roller coaster, and all that makes up the amusement park of Coney Island. The positives and negatives; the high points and the low points a person will experience through life. Notice though, that this is said in past tense, as Weil writes: “Nor arms filled with dolls I threw so much for…” This is up for interpretation, though what Weil describes is that this person (who has aged and is looking back) has already achieved a lot of “dolls” within life. Dolls at an amusement park are nice to have, but serve little purpose after winning them. This can be comparable to a number of things in life, but what stands out most is the mundane achievements that people spend a lot of time trying to achieve, but don’t necessarily enjoy it.
    As such, all lives dread one same thing; their demise--their death. Weil writes that “I take perhaps my last ride on this planet-carousel…” meaning that this person’s end is nearing. As previously explained, this person has satisfied him/herself in a technical sense, but not in a figurative sense. And now, since that time has already been lost to putting so much effort into acquiring those technical achievements, very little time is left. And now, this person asks; “How many more times round I have to catch that brass-ring-sun before the game is up.” This individual is still fixed on the idea that there is still time to achieve what this individual really wanted to achieve. Something they really wanted to direct all of their previous effort towards: to live in the present.
    Again; no one person’s perspective of a good life is the same as another's. However one must realize the difference between achieving something “just because” and achieving something one really wants to do that satisfies their enjoyment; a priority one should make in pursuing a goal. And so, that is what Weil is attempting to teach from this poem. Forget about the dull and tedious achievements one seeks to achieve that provide no enjoyment. It may vary among different age groups, but the same concept still holds true within this poem. It is the fact that an end is something they all will eventually will reach. As unfortunate as it sounds, the individual living this Coney Island life is nearing their end. Many do not have the desire to live a short or uneventful lifetime. So forget about the regrets one has made so far, the things one has not yet done; what matters is to live in the present, for the time in one’s life has a very limited supply.

Lanyards hold things.
Keys, cards, trinkets;
So many things
in such a small space
Still; they are purposeful
for what reason would they be there for?

Of course, I’m still open to having more of them
A lanyard can always have more.
More rings to hold keys, and more keys to unlock...locks.
Their weight may take some adapting, but I can respect that
Because sometimes their purpose
needs time in order to be discovered.

But by the time I’ve harbored them for years
Using them for everything every day
Some things may be forgotten
No; some things must be forgotten
In order to be efficient
In order to have...perfection.

Contradicting, I know.
Respectful to time, yet seeking only the flawless
But only through this process of elimination
Opening and closing
Finding what’s meant to be kept and what’s meant to be forgotten
Will I be able maintain perfection.

Lanyards hold things.
Keys, cards, trinkets;
So many things
in such a small space
Still; they are purposeful
for what reason would they be there for?

Of course, I’m still open to having more of them
A lanyard can always have more.
More rings to hold keys, and more keys to unlock...locks.
Their weight may take some adapting, but I can respect that
Because sometimes their purpose
needs time in order to be discovered.

But by the time I’ve harbored them for years
Using them for everything every day
Some things may be forgotten
No; some things must be forgotten
In order to be efficient
In order to have...perfection.

Photo by Coby Shimabukuro

    Perspective is what most distinguishes one person’s interpretation of a good life from another. As such, it’s difficult to bind its definition since some individuals do not see things in the same light as others. What is certain though, is that a good life is possible. Some may complain that there’s too many things to worry about, and that it stops them from enjoying what should be enjoyed to the fullest. In the poem “A Coney Island Life” by James L. Weil, this very concept is portrayed. It describes the worry that many have about what they haven’t yet accomplished, their regrets; the things in which they’ve spent too much time doing. It provokes readers to stop worrying about all of these “problems” and instead to truly live in the “now” as time is not of unlimited supply.
    Within the life of the individual within this poem (as it is written in their perspective), Weil writes “Having lived a Coney Island life On rollercoaster ups and downs…” within the first two lines. What Weil establishes is the metaphor that compares life to an amusement park; it’s games, the roller coaster, and all that makes up the amusement park of Coney island. The positives and negatives; the high points and the low points a person will experience through life. Notice though, that this is said in past tense, as Weil writes: “Nor arms filled with dolls I threw so much for…” This is up for interpretation, though what Weil describes is that this person (who has aged and is looking back) has already achieved a lot of “dolls” within life. Dolls at an amusement park are nice to have, but serve little purpose after winning them. This can be comparable to a number of things in life, but what stands out most is the mundane achievements that people spend a lot of time trying to achieve, but don’t necessarily enjoy it.
    As such, all lives dread one same thing; their demise--their death. Weil writes that “I take perhaps my last ride on this planet-carousel…” meaning that this person’s end is nearing. As previously explained, this person has satisfied him/herself in a technical sense, but not in a figurative sense. And now, since that time has already been lost to putting so much effort into acquiring those technical achievements, very little time is left. And now, this person asks; “How many more times round I have to catch that brass-ring-sun before the game is up.” This individual is still fixed on the idea that there is still time to achieve what this individual really wanted to achieve. Something they really wanted to direct all of their previous effort towards: to live in the “now”.
    Again; no one person’s perspective of a good life is the same as another's. However one must realize the difference between achieving something “just because” and achieving something one really wants to do that satisfies their enjoyment; a priority one should make. And so, that is what Weil is attempting to teach from this poem. Forget about the dull and tedious achievements one seeks to achieve. Forget about the regrets one has made so far; what matters is to live in the present, for lives do not last forever.

Photo by Josefa Holland-Merten

Before reading, this assignment was done on paper but was never put on this blog until now. The date in which this was written was on November 6.

    Balance is essential to sustain a limited resource. In today's world, such a concept is difficult to grasp; and this is especially true for the life on Earth's waters. Due to a heavy amount of demand from people all across the globe, populations of the most popular fish people eat are depleting. The scarcity of marine life is becoming more apparent than ever, and it's taking a harsh toll not only to the fish themselves, but also to the environment and the people. Overfishing is a severe issue that has led to the struggling sustainability between people's demand and the environment.
    Satisfying the increasing demand in the short term is certainly going to mean a problem in the long term, especially with fishing. Stephen Columbia, a Stanford University marine biologist, lays out that long term concept, that "None of us regular folk are going to be able to afford seafood". This is the problem that the average consumer of seafood is going to face, given the current overfishing practices. It's clear that scarcity of a resource--fish--will lead to the price of it increasing. Not only this, but places such as Hawaii, where the reliance on seafood is strong, can suffer consequences. Molokai activist Walter Ritte, whose island is being faced with the introduction of Oahu fishers, explained that "...people are coming to Molokai because their resources are depleted on their island...where we've been working really hard to...managing the resource..." This conflict affects fishers too through situations like this. It is comparable to that of homeless sweeping; taking them out of the community will only make it a problem for another (except in this case, the environment suffers.
    However, no other group apart of this problem suffers more than the fish and the environment itself. According to a study, "at least 29% of fish species have collapsed, and the trend is accelerating." The way in which they collapsed stems from overfishing. By losing the biological diversity of an ecosystem, that ecosystem becomes more susceptible to collapse. Due to that reason, destructive overfishing has caused "about 90% of the ocean's big predators--like cod and tuna--have been fished out of existence." This is huge, especially due to how much bigger the fish export trade has become. The deprecation of marine life can be traced to overfishing since it causes such an imbalance to the marine ecosystems.
    Thus far, all of the sustainability and environmental issues that marine life currently face are direct consequences of overfishing's destructive force. Overfishing has in turn created those issues that both the environment and people struggle to face. A continuation of such practices would mean a lot of problems in the future of fishing.

Photo by Josefa Holland-Merten

Photo by Ivan Slade

    Beautiful beaches, luscious mountains; Hawaii is a paradise--or so it seems. It is simply a mask for the other side of paradise that Hawaii deals with; homelessness. Being without a home may just seem like a problem that only the individual is affected by, however, it is a problem that the whole of Hawaii shares. It stems from the premium cost of living--the housing market. It is among the main catalysts of the growing homeless population. The side effects of it not only affects Hawaii socially, but also the industry that is arguably Hawaii’s main source of income--tourism. The homelessness problem is a huge burden in which it affects all aspects of Hawaii leading to its’ struggling economy.

    Ground zero for many on the brink of becoming homeless is of course the housing market. Finding a home to reside in especially in Hawaii is often met with difficulty due to how costly it is. According to a report by the University of Hawaii, “The average cost of a one-bedroom apartment in Honolulu is around $1,200 a month, which is out of reach for around 30% of Hawaii’s families, even on two adult incomes.” Keep in mind that this is just the bare minimum to live; excluding all other expenses. Because the housing market has such an immense impact on the economy, higher prices also mean a harder struggle for that 30%. An article on homeless by NBC puts it best; “...Honolulu’s homeless problem is rooted in the pairing of one of the nation’s highest housing costs with below-average wages...” A low wage not only means that it’s more difficult to find a place to live that meets that wage, it also means that there would be a miniscule amount of room left for anything other than a home because of Hawaii’s high cost of living.

    A rising homeless population also means more difficulties for some other industries that rely on having clean streets--specifically tourism. Those homeless have very few places to go and thus will often “...spend their days and nights on the beaches, parks, and streets of Waikiki…” with nowhere else to go. Waikiki, which is essentially the center of tourism located in Oahu, is affected through the visually degrading look that the displaced brings. A look in which is obviously undesirable because of the effects it has on how well the industry performs. For example, Calgary, Alberta visitor Ivan Tandberg commented that though the homeless weren’t bothersome, “...it wouldn’t look good to have many people living on the streets.” Being an industry that relies quite a bit on having a visual appeal, ruining it would bring down the economic status of tourism as well. It doesn’t end there though, as it would have a potential domino effect that leads to a less successful economy for Hawaii.

    It is also worth mentioning that those without a roof also mean that they are sometimes without social order--a danger to society. It’s certainly not a representation of all of homeless individuals, but it is often seen that way, how “Poor health condition creates difficulty for those trying to assist the homeless population as many are unwilling to accept help in any form.” Mental illnesses, for one, can be a big difficulty to deal with. Their social disconnect would hinder their ability to properly communicate and in some cases, can make them violent. In other cases, it may also be that they simply don’t want help. Sherri Watson, 43, and homeless, stated that “I love it; free rent, free electricity, who wants to stay in a bed-bugged shelter?” This means that some, like Watson, like the advantages that come with being homeless. The environment, being somewhat unique to Hawaii makes it easier for homeless to sustain themselves out in the open. Watson also gave a small gibe towards public shelters for homeless individuals in her statement, which goes to show just one of the opinions that the homeless have on these homeless relief methods.

    In essence, the cycle of having a high cost housing market/living has resulted in quite a bit of homeless in Hawaii, which does take its toll on the society. Having a large population of homeless has had a domino effect that has led to a struggling economy. Leaving the problem as is will only put Hawaii’s economy in a deeper hole that it is already dug itself into.

Photo by Ivan Slade

Photo by Nicholas Swanson

    Beautiful beaches, luscious mountains; Hawaii is a paradise--or so it seems. It is simply a mask for the other side of paradise that Hawaii deals with; homelessness. Being without a home may just seem like a problem that only the individual is affected by, however, it is a problem that the whole of Hawaii shares. It stems from the premium cost of living--the housing market. It is among the main catalysts of the growing homeless population. The side effects of it not only affects Hawaii socially, but also the industry that is arguably Hawaii’s main source of income--tourism. The homelessness problem is a huge burden in which it affects all aspects of Hawaii leading to its’ struggling economy.
    Ground zero for many on the brink of becoming homeless is of course the housing market. Finding a home to reside in especially in Hawaii is often met with difficulty due to how costly it is. According to a report by the University of Hawaii, “The average cost of a one-bedroom apartment in Honolulu is around $1,200 a month, which is out of reach for around 30% of Hawaii’s families, even on two adult incomes.” Keep in mind that this is just the bare minimum to live; excluding all other expenses. Because the housing market has such an immense impact on the economy, higher prices also mean a harder struggle for that 30%. An article on homeless by NBC puts it best; “...Honolulu’s homeless problem is rooted in the pairing of one of the nation’s highest housing costs with below-average wages...” A low wage not only means that it’s more difficult to find a place to live that meets that wage, it also means that there would be a miniscule amount of room left for anything other than a home because of Hawaii’s high cost of living.
    A rising homeless population also means more difficulties for some other industries that rely on having clean streets--specifically tourism. Those homeless have very few places to go and thus will often “...spend their days and nights on the beaches, parks, and streets of Waikiki…” with nowhere else to go. Waikiki, which is essentially the center of tourism located in Oahu, is affected through the visually degrading look that the displaced brings. A look in which is obviously undesirable because of the effects it has on how well the industry performs. For example, Calgary, Alberta visitor Ivan Tandberg commented that though the homeless weren’t bothersome, “...it wouldn’t look good to have many people living on the streets.” Being an industry that relies quite a bit on having a visual appeal, ruining it would bring down the economic status of tourism as well. It doesn’t end there though, as it would have a potential domino effect that leads to a less successful economy for Hawaii.
    It is also worth mentioning that those without a roof also mean that they are sometimes without social order--a danger to society. It’s certainly not a representation of all of homeless individuals, but it is often seen that way, how “Poor health condition creates difficulty for those trying to assist the homeless population as many are unwilling to accept help in any form.” Mental illnesses, for one, can be a big difficulty to deal with. Their social disconnect would hinder their ability to properly communicate and in some cases, can make them violent. In other cases, it may also be that they simply don’t want help. Sherri Watson, 43, and homeless, stated that “I love it; free rent, free electricity, who wants to stay in a bed-bugged shelter?” This means that some, like Watson, like the advantages that come with being homeless. The environment, being somewhat unique to Hawaii makes it easier for homeless to sustain themselves out in the open. Watson also gave a small gibe towards public shelters for homeless individuals in her statement, which goes to show just one of the opinions that the homeless have on these homeless relief methods.
    In essence, the cycle of having a high cost housing market/living has resulted in quite a bit of homeless in Hawaii, which does take its toll on the society. Having a large population of homeless has had a domino effect that has led to a struggling economy. Leaving the problem as is will only put Hawaii’s economy in a deeper hole that it is already dug itself into.

Graphic for the "Querencia" project.